The Lack Of Women in Arizona Politics, Specifically the United States Congress :: Essays Papers

The Lack Of Women in Arizona Politics, Specifically the United States relation back Arizona has been referred to as the state of the muliebrity in recent literature. Last year, the state made history when it became the first to elect females to all top atomic number 23 executive positions of the state, see Jimena Valdes essay. These elections indicate that women have gained much equality in Arizona politics based on their state success. However, if one is to study the prototype of Arizona women in guinea pig politics, it is apparent that there is still a definite lack of woman in this area of politics. Currently, there are no women representing Arizona in the United States Congress, and there have only ever been two, Isabella Greenway and Karan English. This essay discusses the reasons behind this misrepresentation of woman in Arizona national politics such as economic inequality, the lack of support from well-known male politicians, strong family bias, which has been a re sult of the powerful Republican governmental sop up that exists in Arizona, and the alienation of women when they are finally elected to the United States Congress.I Isabella Selmes Greenway Socialite and Businesswoman Isabella Greenway was the first Arizona congresswoman, and unlike many other woman of her time, she had strong political support from the first family, which was the main reason behind her nomination to Congress in 1933. Isabella Greenway first entered politics as a supporter of Franklin Roosevelt, who became a very close friend as a result of Greenways long relationship with his wife (Office 1). This of course was an exceedingly important step in her establishment of a political career. Because of her close friendship with the first family, Isabella Greenway had every opportunity to watch Franklin Roosevelt in his political career, and then use her acquired knowledge to move into a political career of her own, in the Democratic party. This was a unique opp ortunity, and there is no doubt that she would non have entered into politics if there had not been this friendship between her and the Roosevelts. In Greenways lifetime, female politicians were an extremely rare species, and it was only because of this strong political backing from the first family, that she became the first Arizona Congresswoman. Isabella Greenways nomination also came as a result of her wealth, which was also a unique property for a woman living in her time, and would not have come about if her two rich husbands had not died.

The Trials Of Toilet Training :: essays research papers fc

The Trials of Toilet TrainingToilet training is difficult for both lift and child. Based on the researchof two psychologists, Nathan Azrin and Richard Foxx, the average child can befully trained in less than four hours. They began their training with mentallyhandicapped adults and successfully taught 95% in troika days. With the addedemphasis on language and verbal rehearsal they attempted to teach children andwere astounded at the results. Their methods refuse the fear damaging thechilds psyche by making stool training a pleasant experience. The child isnot simply toilet "trained", he is toilet "educated", that is, the completeprocess from knowing its time to emptying the pot and flushing the waste down,all unsupervised. Any parent would agree, this is incredible. They use a combine of the same principals used in Practical Applications of Psychology.     The overall objective is to teach the child to toilet himself with thesame independence a s an adult without the pauperism for reminders, go along praise,or assistance. This method is rapid because of the variety of learningtechniques. Learning by imitation, learning by teaching, a partialreinforcement schedule with rewards that increase the need and the negativereinforcement of disapproval are all employed. Children learn best by imitationand teaching with the aid of a hollow hiss. The child gives the razz a drinkthen is told the doll has to "peepee" and he must help her. After the childassists in removing the dolls pants, the liquid is released. The child mustobserve the melt of liquid. into the potty chair. The adult and the child thenpraise the doll and the child then assists the doll in redressing and emptyingthe pot in the standard toilet and flushes. Then the child is instructed to askis the doll is dry and feel her pants. If they are dry the doll gets a treat.The child is then asked if he is dry if he is, he can then eat the dolls treat.After two or three drills, distract the child and cause and accident byspilling some liquid on the dolls pants. When the child discovers the wetness,use instructions and guidance to help the child correct the doll. First, letthe doll know he is displeased, "Big girls dont wet their pants." Second, thechild helps the doll practice again on the potty then back to the scene of theaccident. Since the pants will still be wet, this can be continued three times.Then have the child feel his own pants, and if they are dry he is rewarded with

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SummaryA Savage contend of Peace was a raving mad book to read. It detailed the history of the Algerian War for Independence, which encompasses three separate wars. All of these wars were concerned with the future of the once French, now Algerian, city of Algiers. low with the initiatory War, it was a three-way fight between the FLN, the Front de Libration Nationale, the pied noirs population living in French Algeria, and the Fourth Republic of France. This low War began in 1954 and continued until 1958.The FLN was a terror organization that was anti-West, anti-Communist, anti-Liberal, and anti-Semitic. Their members were generally umteen Muslim opponents of French rule. The pied noirs were generally the white settlers of Algeria, composing a nonage of the overall population of Algeria. The pied noirs could be entern as an in between population, non necessarily fully French but not necessarily Algerian as well. Historically, they were affiliated with Ptains regime during W orld War 2 and were hostile to liberal democracy.Finally, the Fourth Republic was the then present-day(prenominal) government of the democratic country of France. They inherited a very complicated situation in Algeria from their predecessor governments. France initially gained Algeria as a part of its empire when they conquered the trim back from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. The original system of government allowed the Muslim population to live at a lower place Sharia Law while the European settlers lived under French law and voted in French elections. Initially, the Fourth Republics goal was to allow the pied noirs to be citizens of the French Republic, while allowing the Algerian population to govern themselves. Each of these three factions had their own downfalls. The FLN was para... ...he European and French view. However, as the story is so exhaustively detailed I do not appreciate it has compromised credibility in the paper. I found this book extremely useful. As someone who is very interested in French and European history, I was knocked out(p) at how large of an impact the Algerian War had on France, for example causing the collapse of the Fourth Republic. I was also amazed that so many politicians and military leaders use this book as a history lesson on what to do in Iraq. I found that the book related to to the furrow due to the mentioning of the French involvement in Vietnam as well as how the French tried to learn from their lessons at Dien Bien Phu when they were in Algeria.I get out for sure be hanging on to this book for future reference, as well as to read again even more in perspicaciousness to see if I missed any comparisons or possible lessons to be learned. Essay -- SummaryA Savage War of Peace was a fantastic book to read. It detailed the history of the Algerian War for Independence, which encompasses three separate wars. All of these wars were concerned with the future of the once French, now Algerian, city of Algiers. Beginning with the First War, it was a three-way fight between the FLN, the Front de Libration Nationale, the pied noirs population living in French Algeria, and the Fourth Republic of France. This First War began in 1954 and continued until 1958.The FLN was a terror organization that was anti-West, anti-Communist, anti-Liberal, and anti-Semitic. Their members were generally many Muslim opponents of French rule. The pied noirs were generally the white settlers of Algeria, composing a minority of the overall population of Algeria. The pied noirs could be seen as an in between population, not necessarily fully French but not necessarily Algerian as well. Historically, they were affiliated with Ptains government during World War 2 and were hostile to liberal democracy.Finally, the Fourth Republic was the then current government of the democratic country of France. They inherited a very complicated situation in Algeria from their predecessor governments. France initially gained Algeria as a part of its empire when they conquered the land from the Ottoman Empire in 1830. The original system of government allowed the Muslim population to live under Sharia Law while the European settlers lived under French law and voted in French elections. Initially, the Fourth Republics goal was to allow the pied noirs to be citizens of the French Republic, while allowing the Algerian population to govern themselves. Each of these three factions had their own downfalls. The FLN was para... ...he European and French view. However, as the story is so exhaustively detailed I do not think it has compromised credibility in the paper. I found this book extremely useful. As someone who is very interested in French and European history, I was amazed at how large of an impact the Algerian War had on France, for example causing the collapse of the Fourth Republic. I was also amazed that so many politicians and military leaders use this book as a history lesson on what to do in Ira q. I found that the book related to the course due to the mentioning of the French involvement in Vietnam as well as how the French tried to learn from their lessons at Dien Bien Phu when they were in Algeria.I will certainly be hanging on to this book for future reference, as well as to read again even more in depth to see if I missed any comparisons or possible lessons to be learned.

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A very common nutritional disease is anemia. Anemia is a condition that burn develop when a someones body lacks healthy red consanguinity cells or hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the way red lineage cells receive oxygen. Four percent of the children in the United States between three and five years old are anemic. Anemia can run in families and it can be passed down through generations and it can affect your whole life. On a positive note anemia can be enured and those with this nutritional disease can live regular lives.Cause of AnemiaAnemia has three main causes. The most common cause of anemia is blood loss. Anemic women usually lose a large amount of blood with heavy menstrual cycles. When blood is coming from the digestive or urinary package blood can also be lost. Surgeries and caner also can cause blood loss. If a large amount of blood is lost the body whitethorn lose a lot of red blood cells causing anemia. Another cause is when red blood cells cant be produced. You can get having a small amount of red blood cells, meaning your parents passed the disease to you. Or having few red blood cells can be acquired, which means you werent born with the disease. You can acquire anemia by having a poor diet, having off balance hormone levels, having an ongoing diseases, or pregnancy. Lastly if a person has a red blood cell destruction can cause anemia. If too mevery red blood cells are destroyed you are unruffled losing red bloods cells. This can happen if someone has an enlarged or diseased spleen. The spleen removes old red blood cells out of the body. If the spleen is enlarged or diseased, it could remove more red blood cells than necessary which would lapse to having anemia. Also if too many red blood cells are destroyed that can lead to sickle cell ... ...ies which will decrease their amount of physical activityConclusionAnemia is a condition that can develop in anyone of any age. It can range from being minor or warning signs of something more serious. When a person lacks enough healthy red blood cells anemia can occur. Anemia can be treated with medication and changes in ones diet. ReferencesNordqvist, C. (2009). What Is Anemia? What Causes Anemia? .MedicalNewsToday.com.Retrieved December 14, 2013, from http//www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/158800.php Edmundson, A. (2013, May 13). Understanding Anemia - the Basics. WebMD.com. RetrievedDecember14, 2013, from http//www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia rudiments(N.A.). (2012, May 18). What Causes Anemia?. nhlbi.nih.gov. Retrieved December14, 2013,from http//www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/anemia/causes.html

Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Type of Work Heroic epic poem set"Land of the Geats," s starthern Sweden and Denmark c. sixth century Principal CharactersBeowulf, a Geat heroHrothgar, King of the DanesUnferth, a Danish warriorWiglaf, Beowulfs nephew and loyal court noble Story Overview coarse ago in Hrothgars Danish kingdom lived a gruesome monster-giant namedGrendel, who nightly roamed the countryside. Rising from his marshy home, he wouldstalk to the Kings high vestibule, and there devour 15 of Hrothgars sleeping warriors.Then, before departing, the monster would seize fifteen more men with his huge armsand bear them rearwards to his watery lair. For twelve years the mass murder continued. Word of this terror spread across the sea to the land of the Geats, ruled by Hygelac.Beowulf, Hygelacs principal advisor and warrior and a man of great strength andcourage, comprehend the tale of Grendels murderous attacks. Straightway, he set sail tofree the Danes from the demons depredations. In Denmark, a coas t-watcher met the weary company of fifteen seafarers. Learning ofBeowulfs intended mission, he permitted the Danes to pass. They started out then - the spacious ship remained behind, riding on its rope, ... Figures of boars, bright and fire-hardened, gleamed gold-adorned above the cheek-guards in war the boarhelped guard those fierce mens lives ... To Hrothgars high hall they marched. There the King spread a banquet feast inBeowulfs honor the mead cup was passed around, and the boasting began. But theDanish warrior Unferth, "drunken with wine," taunted the Geat, reminding him of afive-day naiant contest in which Beowulf was said to have been bested. The Geatanswered boldly, however, that he had not only emerged victorious in the race, entirelyhad been forced to kill nine deadly sea-monsters during the course. by and by the feast, Hrothgar and his warriors went to their rest, leaving Beowulf and hismen in the hall. Then came the fiendish Grendel, "with an unlovely ligh t, like a hellishflame in his eyes." The ironbound door burst open at the touch of his fingers, and herejoiced at the rich feast of human flesh awaiting him. He seized one sleeping warrior,tore him up furiously, bit through muscles and sinews, and drank the family in streams.Then he quickly consumed the entire corpse "as a wolf might eat a rabbit." Hereached toward another victim, but the beast was destined to dine no more that night.Without shield or spear, Beowulf took hold of the dreaded monster, wrenching off hisright arm and the maimed Grendel fled back to his home.

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The current effects of in-migration throughout the United States has had a negative impact on its economy. Whether foreigners are legal permanent immigrants or illegal occupants, nations must diligently keep track of all individuals. This is a brief analysis on how immigrants impact the U.S and strategies to background their effects on this nation. In addition, the U.S must implement and monitor plans of action to lessen unemployment of citizens and reduce the excessive use of benefits and resources by immigrants.The negative impact immigration has on the U.S EconomyImmigration has a significant negative impact on the U.S economy. Consequently, amplifying the work demand between the early 80s thru the end of the 90s, immigration low the median, yearly net income of a native born citizen of the United States roughly $1,700. Among those born on U.S. soil,who didnt possess a high school diploma, approximately the to the highest degree indigent ten percent of all workers, the assess ed consequence was even greater, causing a reduction in pay by nearly 8 percent. The negative effects on United States endemic African-American and Latin laborers are somewhat greater than on Caucasians, due to the fact that a much large percentage of non-majority ethnic groups are in point-blank rivalry with non-citizens. The lower rate of pay happens irrespective of whether they are documented or undocumented aliens. Its the reality of extra employees that brings about a reduction in pay, not their legitimacy (Davidson, 2006). Many United States citizens are unemployed and should not have to compete with immigrants in order to support themselves or their families. For example, Pedro Chan, a foreigner from Guatemala, illegally came to the U.S in 2... ...legal, including minors. Foreign juveniles, particularly asylum-seeking persons, have been delayed in immigration detainment facilities between 2 to 12 months (Line & Poon, 2013).The Ends Justifies the MeansThe United States is a wonderful roam for opportunities, but it should be first and foremost available and accountable to its citizens. U.S. benefits and services should be allocated solo to American-born citizens with the exception of life or death emergencies. Educational benefits/subsidies should be exclusively for our American-born children and college-seeking citizens. Furthermore, there must be a cohesive strategy in place to minimize the amount of legal permanent residents as well as stopping illegal immigration. Lastly, the United States must learn from their past mistakes and acquire companionship from other nations on how best to deal with immigrants

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The current effects of immigration throughout the United States has had a negative impact on its economy. Whether foreigners are legal abiding immigrants or culpable occupants, nations essential diligently keep track of every last(predicate) individuals. This is a brief analysis on how immigrants impact the U.S and strategies to minimize their effects on this nation. In addition, the U.S must implement and monitor plans of action to lessen unemployment of citizens and reduce the excessive use of benefits and resources by immigrants.The negative impact immigration has on the U.S EconomyImmigration has a significant negative impact on the U.S economy. Consequently, amplifying the work demand between the early 80s thru the end of the 90s, immigration diminished the median, yearly net income of a native Australian born citizen of the United States roughly $1,700. Among those born on U.S. soil,who didnt possess a high school diploma, approximately the most indigent ten percent of al l workers, the assessed consequence was even greater, causing a reduction in pay by nearly 8 percent. The disadvantageous effects on United States enzootic African-American and Latin laborers are somewhat greater than on Caucasians, due to the fact that a much bigger percentage of non-majority ethnic groups are in point-blank rivalry with non-citizens. The lower rate of pay happens irrespective of whether they are documented or undocumented aliens. Its the existence of extra employees that brings about a reduction in pay, not their legitimacy (Davidson, 2006). Many United States citizens are unemployed and should not have to compete with immigrants in order to support themselves or their families. For example, Pedro Chan, a foreigner from Guatemala, illegally came to the U.S in 2... ...legal, including minors. Foreign juveniles, particularly asylum-seeking persons, have been delayed in immigration detainment facilities between 2 to 12 months (Line & Poon, 2013).The Ends Justi fies the MeansThe United States is a wonderful place for opportunities, but it should be first and foremost available and accountable to its citizens. U.S. benefits and services should be allocated only to American-born citizens with the exception of life or remnant emergencies. Educational benefits/subsidies should be exclusively for our American-born children and college-seeking citizens. Furthermore, there must be a cohesive strategy in place to minimize the amount of legal permanent residents as well as stopping illegal immigration. Lastly, the United States must learn from their past mistakes and acquire knowledge from other nations on how best to sens with immigrants

Continuous Professional development Essay

Continuous professional development (CPD) is a framework of instruction and development that ensures a professionals competency, effectiveness, knowledge, adroitnesss and practice ar continually kept up to time through lifelong teaching strategies and activities. There is non a fixed CPD standard or structure and a adept size fits all transition would not work for all professions and individuals who work for companies with different objectives and working practices.The various approaches may have common themes and goals such as setting objectives for development and charting progress towards them, or asking questions such as where I want to be, and how I plan to get there. Reflection is also a key element of the process. Just as important is the motivation and responsibility of professionals for memory their own skills and knowledge up to date. An early commentary of CPD was developed in 1986 by the Construction Industry Council (UK). However, Friedman et al. (2000) found that it was still the most commonly cited definition of CPD among UK professional bodies in 1999.The systematic maintenance, improvement and widening of knowledge and skills, and the development of personal qualities necessary for execution of professional and technical duties throughout the individuals working life. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) suggest the following elements of a good and broad CPD structure. be a documented process be self-directed driven by you, not your employer charge on scholarship from experience, reflective learning and review help you set development goals and objectives let in both formal and informal learning.CIPD further suggest the benefits to CPD practitioners provides an overview of your professional development to date reminds you of your achievements and how far youve progressed directs your life history and helps you keep your eye on your goals uncovers gaps in your skills and capabilities Opens up further develop ment needs provides examples and scenarios for a CV or interview demonstrates your professional standing to clients and employers helps you with your career development or a possible career change. CPD fucking involve any relevant learning activity, whether formal and structured or informal and self-directed.Good CPD practice will include a kind of learning sit somes that help professionals run fitted and up to date. Whatever the model or structure the process should highlight the needs of the job, strengths and weaknesses of learners and their future goals so learning gaps can be addressed. Listed below are examples and a short explanation of types of CPD learning and practice. The training model often delivered by an expert in a classroom type environment. The award-bearing model validation achieved via a standard or qualification. The deficit model weak procedure highlighted and measures taken to improve it.The cascade model one learner cascading their learning down to other colleagues. The standards- base model meeting standards, often highlighted in observations. The coaching/mentoring model on the job training that includes shadowing. The participation of practice model secondment or interagency training initiatives. The transformative model flexible approach involving many of the above models. My own development is based very a great deal on the transformative model of CPD that involves a range of both formal and informal learning, this provides me with the up to date knowledge and skills I need to do my job competently.Schunk describes learning as, Learning is an enduring change in behaviour or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion which results from practice or other forms of experience. Schunk, Learning theories, 5th ed, 2008 Formal learning through training or qualification is often related to something specific, like a skill or competence. Formal training may include on-line and CD-ROM based courses or full or part metre st udy trail to qualifications. Development on the other hand can be more informal and has a broader outlook on learning and may include unavowed study such as reading, observing and reflection.Structured continual learning is important in any profession because new research and practices may look to new knowledge and skills. For example the QCF Level 6 Diploma in Career Guidance and Development is one example of formal learning that I have considered and want to undertake. This is for both professional and financial reasons. Professionally it proves a level of academic ability, knowledge and credibility. It is the standard that many career companies now expect from professionals delivering career guidance in schools.Gaining the qualification should also help me remain competitive when applying for a job and hopefully keep me within a liable pay scale. Conferences, workshops and seminars also help keep professionals up to date with changes to practice and can be a vehicle for netw orks to be built up and experiences shared. On the job training such staff training, shadowing, secondment, coaching and mentoring all provide excellent provision for professionals to learn new skills and build up work based knowledge. Professionals may also learn by taking part in working groups or involvement in research projects.Babcock recognises the benefit of CPD and is committed to broadening and developing all employees knowledge and skills in the pursuit of excellence. They understand the process helps promote career development and ensure legislation and contractual agreements are met. The guild handbook CPD at Babcock Education and Training Guidance for Staff, describes the process of CPD as, any activity which increases the knowledge, skills and agreement of staff, improves job cheer and raises company performance.The insurance strongly advocates that practitioners should be accountable for their own personal growth and not solely rely on the company for training and development. It also requires professionals to maintain competent levels of learning as directed by their own professional bodies. If professionals are to be committed to their own CPD practice then there needs to be a certain level of self-motivation. Career Advisers as with all professionals need to remain competent to practice, regardless of whether they qualified yesterday, last year or xxv years ago.(Golding Gray, 2006) agree and suggest that the last day of professional training signals the beginning of lifelong learning. According to Maslow (1943) hierarchy of needs that suggests people are cause by a range of wants such as basic needs from food and shelter right up to the final stage of self-actualization and fulfillment. Herzberg (1959) showed that to go an employee a business needs to create conditions that make them feel fulfilled in the workplace. He suggested motivators such as achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility and advancement will motivate the worker to want to succeed and do well.Both models recognise that when conditions are right workers want to do a good job and find satisf bodily function in their work. I would argue that professionals such as career advisers go further by recognising their duty of care to clients and desire to serve them well by providing the shell service possible. This is only achieved by having up to date skills and a positive outlook on personal learning and development. CPD clearly benefits professionals, employers, customers and users. For it to be surpass utilised practitioners may need some form of CPD training.Learning how to learn is a skill in itself, Joyce and Showers (2001) suggest that a positive impact on performance is more likely if training is provided on it. Cunningham (2001) agrees and says It cannot be caught people must be trained in the process A full understanding of the CPD process gives the practitioner a methodical and structured approach to their learning that can be fl exible and involve a number of learning styles that best suits the learners needs. My own CPD practice and planning is assisted through various policies and templates implemented by Babcock.Supervision meetings with line-managers take place every 6-8 weeks where performance against SMART targets (objectives broken down to specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely goals) are discussed and feedback given. Before annual reviews take place a pre-review template is filled in by the particle of staff. This process alone demands employees to take time to reflect on their past performance and draw attention to skill gaps and future training needs. another(prenominal) template used during the annual review selects both practitioner and line-manager through the process.This tool asks questions that demands a certain level of thought and reflection. Questions are asked around time spent on an activity, why it was done, what was learned and can it be shared with others. The pre-r eview template and review process agree much with guided reflective speculation developed by Johns (1995) where he suggests a series of questions can challenge the motivation and rationale for actions. These questions from a third party can help guide learners through the reflective process.Johns suggested reflective diaries and sharing experience with others can lead to a greater understanding than reflections done alone. Though I do not keep a written diary of reflection I do reflect constantly and can relate to Schons reflection in action and reflection on practice. I also incorporate much of Rolfe (2000) Driscolls (2000) thinking by asking what, so what and now what into my practice. Another simple system I endorse and find useful is SWOT analysis, a technique accredited to Albert Humphrey in the 1950s that asks practitioners to scrutinize their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.Practitioners can also be unconscious of issues in their own practice, this is sugg ested by the Jo Harari window, developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955 it proposes that others see things about us to which we may be blind. New objectives and action plans can then be agreed and formalised. Feedback from supervision and annual review meetings help to evaluate work and clarify agreed targets and future development tasks. The meetings also spin a platform to formally raise concerns or requests for training.A training request was made after I became aware of a number of green people in school who seemed to be unmotivated, withdrawn or depressed. I had no knowledge of mental health issues and felt out of my depth to stand solutions and wanted to be able to offer better front-line validate. I approached my line-manager and it was suggested I investigate possible training options. I later attended three one day courses on adolescent mental health that were free of charge and run by Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH).The training was around spotting m ental health disorders, early intervention and ideas for support in school. Networking is also a valuable source of gathering information and developing support channels. It was through a network that I learned of the free training delivered by CAMHS. Another effective learning tool is observation. Feedback from formal interview observations and those from colleagues, teachers, pupils, parents and others has benefited my overall reflections and development by highlighting levels of performance.Critical thinking allows me to analyse different qualities, talents, views and opinions of others. I often ask myself whether I would have handled a situation otherwise to a colleague and would my actions have made the situation better or worse? Writing regular case studies has been useful when reflecting on my work. They help me focus on what went well and what hasnt gone so well. The discipline of writing down events and analysing them requires much deeper thought processes.Attending regul ar training events and seminars ensures I remain up to date with new practice, law and policy changes. Training has broadened my knowledge around specialist areas such as homelessness and sex education. Some training programmes are also compulsory requirements of Babcock and include child protection training or online courses like equality and diversity. Attendance at staff meetings keep me up to date with events in the careers industry and practice at a local level. Often meetings include training workshops, group discussions and presentations from guest speakers.As a group member of the Career Development Institute I receive regular updates, advice and information on topical subjects through journals and annual conferences. In summary CPD is an investment that gives professionals a methodical structure to directly link learning with practice. It records learning undertaken and helps plot any future training. Confidence and professional credibility can be boosted and it may acceler ate career advancement. Through creative thinking and tackling new challenges personal interest and job satisfaction can also be increased.

Dear Sahara Shadow Knights: The Unsung Hero’s

Chapter One Sweat and BloodThe stars twinkled with ferocity as I stared at them through and through the window of my board, the shadowy of the moon brightened up my elbow room with a natural glow. My face was milky dust coat, and my armor glowed with a white aura, in this natural light show the moon provided. I sighed at the vast emptiness of space and continued to stare into the distance with the dazed stare I was every(prenominal) still famous for. I heard a knocking on my door that echoed throughout every corner of my room. A voice boomed out everywhere the oddment echo of the knockingJesse, Jess are you there, were late for our trainingI once again sighed at the deep dismal abyss that hardened in face up of me. I got out of my seat and stretched my arms up in the air. The voice and knocking continuedJesse, answer me are you thereI brought my hand to my hilltop and slowly dragged it ingest. I replied with a hint of anger in my voiceYes I am here, and I told you its Sha dowWolf directly, that is my chosen Knight name.The voice replied with a sense of sarcasm hindering in itYes your knightness, but hey if you ever wish to BE one you should get you arse out here and get to the training room like we were supposed to be.The voice stopped temporarily then flared up again with loud hasteTen minutes ago the surmount depart be very angryThe voice stopped and the silence was quickly followed by hard speech sound of hollow foot steps running kill the h completely. I made my way to the door slowly, whistling a low and sweet and sweet tune that matched perfectly with the milky white light that piano filled the room. I pressed the button and the door flew open with a loud swhooch. The sound echoed down the empty alloy halls. I stepped forward down the hall with the carefree speed of a child going to school. My long journey down the metal halls had brought me to a large grey door, above it laid ever so carefully the words Training Room. I pushed the door open all the time whistling the tune I had begun in my room so far back. Everyone in the room drew silent as I walked past them, a large robed man stared at me with a dismal grin of disappointment. He shook his head in a negative fashion as he said to meYour late again, Mr Jesse. You bonk if you keep this up you wont reach knight level.I looked down at my arm and brush some dirt off my suit and replied grisly masters, some things came up. You know?The master replied to me with angerThat is no excuse, if you wish to become a great knight like your father you need to straighten up, and cut down right for there will be a time that comes you will wish you had.I lowered my head in shame, and replied with sincerityIm sorry master, I truly am.The master sighed and stared at me with a subsided rageGet into position, and then we may continue.My training ensued, numerous drills of both physical and mental variety of which odd me exaughsted and travaily. I Panted for air and rested my hand s on me knees as I bent over to catch my breathe. I looked at the ground below me and the metal glistened with my sweat provided a reflection of myself. I was a young man, full bodied face with my hair auburn red, my eyes were mud brown, and my afters concord left me with a rugged look.The armor I wore was a dark black decorative vest the white flaps that came down from this vest synchronized their movements with my trousering, under this was my shirt, delicate and warm on the form with white scaled sleeves that reflected any light that touched their polished surface, below this was my gloves bulgy and black they stood out next to my white sleeves as a flame stands out in front of the dark, adjacent to this was my skirt it was black as space with triangles of white at the bottom and top, and it all was held together by my black boots polished to a shine that was unparalleled to others in the class.My panting continued with no end in sight, a educatee came behind me and slapped m e on the back.Haha, suck it up man were not even done yet.I tried to form my words to say something ,but nothing ,but panting came out. I raised my hand and wiped the sweat from my forehead that had been dripping down forming a fairly large puddle below me. At that moment a large sound pierced my ears with the high-pitched scream that made me fall over into my puddle of sweat. I pushed my aching body up and spit on the floor as I dragged my hand over my face to get rid of the sweat.What the heck is that I yelled over the soundThe master stared at us with serious stare, he mouth slowly opened to sayIts the alarm. We are under attackThe loud simultaneous yelp of what filled the room to be quickly white washed with the alarms high-pitched scream. The master slowly walked to the other side of the room where a small black box sat on the wall. The master pushed the buttons with the speed of a huurton as a section of the wall swung open to fall in an array of weapons and backpacks.Get gea red up and ready, this is what we all have been training forHis words filled the room and for a moment seemed to be the only things I could hear. I panted furiously and coughed rapidly. Rose up from my bent over position with the shaking slowness of a person that just got pummeled with a stun baton. We all ran towards the room as the alarm seemed to grow louder with each yelp. The room lay filled with Long Vibro Axes, the glare of light that reflected off of them blinded me as I slowly made my way in.I grabbed an Axe and go out of the room and fell back into the formation the class was in as I had entered. The sound of ion cannons and TIE engines filled the room and overpowered the alarms loud noise. The master made his way slowly across the room as if nothing was happening.The master then stopped 10 feet in front of us all and smiled with a wicked grin. He raised his arm slowly and pointed at one half of the class, he motioned them to take the exit to the right. The students did a salute and rushed out of the room, all armed with pikes and pistols. He pointed at our half now and motioned them to the left exit. He then walked towards me, he rubbed his eyes and little then regulate his hand on my shoulder.Lets just hope you learned enough.I looked at him with a confused glare, he laughed and motioned at the left exit again. I was now running down the hall the sounds of my footsteps were all but unheard under the yelp of the alarms screaming every second, my body was still aching from training, and my leg wobbly from the idea of the battle that laid ahead. My foot stumbled to the side and balance became harder to maintain, I continued running until my foot tripped over what felt like a pike. My body flew forward and spun to the side a little, my body hit the floor in one big boom, and I began to tumble forward on the ground, my pike has dislodged from my holster on impact and now spun in the air ahead of me hitting the walls causing sparks to flare in its wak e.I finally stopped when I hit something, the sound of a splash boomed in my ears, my hair now filled with a cold liquid splashed. I slowly got up and grabbed the back of my head to avail soften the pain that now overwhelmed me. I felt something squish in my hair as I pressed down, I quickly brought it to my face to reveal blood soaking over my hand. I quickly turned around to see a puddle of blood leading up to a stormtrooper whose lie with was half way cut off. I panted fast and licked my lips, the sweat that lay dormant now began to drip into the puddle and mix with the blood, this mixture of sweat and blood made my stomach churn as it continued to spread out on the ground.

Heritage Assignment Essay

My Mother and tyro were both natural in Villamar Michoacan, De Ocampo Mexico it is a very small town with a commonwealth of 15,512 it is in the state/region of Michoacan de Ocampo, Mexico. My Grandfathers were born in Villamar Michoacan as well. My Grandmothers my Fathers Mother was born in a small town called Venustiano Carranza, Michoacan (San Pedro) it is non too far from Villamar and is a small town as well. And my Grandmother on my Mothers side was born in El Varal, Michoacan this is besides a small town actually this is a smaller town also near Villamar.After both sets of grandparents met and married they lived in Villamar, Michoacan De Ocampo. My Mother and Father were born and raised in Villamar Michoacan, De Ocampo. My parents were fifteen and twenty years of age when they married. In 1974 they came to the united States and lived in Chicago Illinoi. I was born in the United States in 1976, I have bingle sister who is the eldest and was born in Chicago as well. In 1979 my parents moved to Los Angeles, California and my two brothers were born there. In 1986 my parents and many of my relatives participated in the amnesty and became Residents of the United States.We lived in a Suburban setting all of our childhood years, all of our neighbors were of of some Latino culture. We always went to public school, my primary language growing up was Spanish. I learned to speak English in school, I spoke and read it fluently. I becalm read and write Spanish fluently. One of the things I remember about learning the Spanish language first was not a pleasant experience. When I got to Junior High (new school no friends), my Mother made the mistake of putting us (my sister and I) in ESL classes.I remember thinking wherefore am I here I speak English, and it was embarrassing only because I was made fun of. As children when we we got ill my Mother did use occidental Medicine, occasionally if we had an earache she used some of her heathen medicine on us. Like hea ting garlic in a cotton ball deep down aluminum foil and putting it inside our ear. There were also the lectures about going out with our hair wet or walking barefoot. Growing up I remember aunts and uncles living with us or in our converted garage.Always there was someone living with us mostly my mothers brothers and their children. All of our aunts and uncles lived nigh and we visited each other often, I would say every weekend we gathered at someones house for a Birthday, Baptism, Holiday, Wedding, Quinceanera or just because. We were all very closing curtain and we all carried the the original family name, my Fathers last name. We went to church together every Sunday, we were all raised as Catholics and went to Catechism school we were Baptized and received our Holy Communion in a Catholic Church.As an adult I follow the Catholic Religion mostly at home, and through Santeria I believe they are affiliated in some way. I only consider church on special occasions or to pray, b ut I do not attend Sunday Mass as I did when I was a child. I believe in the power of prayer, God and the Saints (Santeria). I have statues of Saints and leave offerings weekly. I light a candle pray to my Saints and ask them for good health, clarity and for the health of my children and my family.My husband is Caucasian he is not religious he believes we evolved from the rogue and is very scientific. He has explained why he believes this and has showed me numerous articles and videos of how Religion is all made up. It can be difficult at times because he tries to discriminate me that Religion is all BS. We now live in an Urban setting where the neighbors are all of a disparate race and religion. I machinate mostly American meals we are very wellness conscious and we watch what we eat. Too many tortillas, rice and fried beans will kill us LOL. once in a while I do prepare Hispanic meals or I visit my Mom to eat, I mean I did grow up on that diet and it is delicious. I very rare ly participate in Latino activities the occasional festival or Posada during Christmas time Spanish Book Fair. I try to term of enlistment involved. But it it is not at all like it was when I was younger. Our primary language at home today is English my fifteen year old speaks and writes Spanish my four year old speaks and understands it very little. My friends are not all of the same ethnicity as I am, I have friends of several different ethnicities.Russian, Caucasian, Filipino, Chinese, Latino its a giant Melting Pot. But in the end we are all the same. I believe I do identify with my cultural heritage, because I was raised this way, and by keeping some of the religious beliefs I was raised on. Also my participation in family events, attending Baptisms, Quinceaneras, Catholic Weddings being a Godparent at most of these events. Spending time with my Mexican American Family. Although I do not participate 100% in the religious beliefs I grew up on, I feel a kinship towards God.And I believe it is important to have faith in God or whatever God one worships. For me at times it can be difficult because my husband has different beliefs and we do not always agree in one or the others belief. Where Health is concerned I do use Western Medicine for yearly physicals my children are vaccinated and also get yearly physicals. My Mother, Father and Grandparents believe that Mexico has the surmount Doctors and they frequently visit Tijuana to see a Doctor. I believe they are more thorough but I do not practice this.

Critical Analysis of Robert Frost

Benjamin Swan Prof. Bittenbender ENG208W Studies in Poetry 04/14/13 halts Metaphoric use of the Natural World in Poetry Born in San Francisco in the spring of 1874, Robert rhyme is considered to be amongst, if non solely, the superior poets in American history. Around age eleven, rime moved to revolutionary England where the majority of his poetic inspiration is presumably drawn from. Although he never managed to take in a collegiate degree, he did attend both Dartmouth and Harvard, two of the countries most prestigious universities.Publishing his first meter entitled My Butterfly in 1894, frosting began his career as a poet just as the modernist literature movement of the early twentieth century was gaining traction in the United States. Although Frost did not interruption from poetic convention as radically as some of his peers in the modernist movement, he is nevertheless considered a modernist poet in part due to the use of the New England vernacular that is present in the majority of his poetry.Another crop on Frosts work up as a poet comes from New England as well this is the influence of growing up in New Englands graphic landscape and the life he led on a farm there. Frosts love for the instinctive and tendency towards including it in his writing is possibly the most distinguishable constant in his work. The following quote best describes this constant in his work, As Frost portrays him, man might be alone in an ultimately indifferent instauration, but he may nevertheless look to the natural world for metaphors of his own condition. (The Poetry Foundation).The innovation of this musical composition will be to explore the some of the pieces in which Frosts use of nature as a metaphor or simile for the valet condition, as well as identifying the piece of music that the human race is alone in the vast universe where it occurs. Perhaps the best example of this recurring theme and Frosts use of nature as a metaphor can be found in his po em Nothing Gold Can Stay. In this piece, natures change from spring to summer is a metaphor for the loss of innocence in the world. Frost points to the fact that the world started out innocent when he opens by saying Natures first green is gold (Line 1).He glorifies our innocence by canvass it to the beauty of tree with golden buds just before they bloom. This observation and metaphor is true to the human condition as well, as we are born innocent. He continues on to describe how this doesnt last for very long though when he says, Then leaf subsides to leaf (5). He then makes an allusion to the Bible about(predicate) this loss of innocence in the following tonal pattern, So Eden sank to grief, (6). As for the recurring theme, at the end of the poem man is left alone in the universe, stripped of innocence and disconnected from God.Another prime example of the recurring theme and frosts use of nature to illustrate his point can be found in his poem entitled Desert Places. In this poem the theme is clearly the loneliness and closing off felt by Frost. He uses nightfall during winter in the woods as a metaphor for loneliness. His description and figurative language paint a picture of the most lonely and isolated place imaginable, a wintry desert place. From here he lets the reader know that this place will only get more lonely before when he says impart be more lonely ere it will be less (10).After painting this picture of the most lonely place the reader can imagine, Frost concludes by saying that I have it in me so much nearer home To scare myself with my own desert places. (15, 16). This is where the recurring theme fits in Frost internally is more concerned about his human condition where he finds himself alone in a vast universe that is indifferent to his existence. The entire poem sets up the delivery of these last two lines so that the reader can understand the significance of this theme to his life.The next poem examined is entitled Stopping by Woo ds on a Snowy Evening. Although Frost does use nature as a metaphor for the human condition in this poem, its theme is in stark contrast to the one found in Desert Places. In this poem, the woods in winter are a metaphor for isolation and retirement rather than loneliness. This could be for a couple of different reasons perhaps it is the fact the speaker has the companionship of his horse. Either way, the poem begins in the woods as the speaker thinks back to civilization and the man whose property he is on. He notes that it is an nusual place to stop in the middle of the night since it serves no practical purpose and that his horse must think it queer (5). From here the speaker makes the observation that The woods are lovely, dark and deep, and takes a brief moment to enjoy the beauty, isolation, and solitude they offer before carrying on about his business (13). In contrast to the theme in Desert Places Frost appears to have found peace with the human condition in world alone in the woods that represent the vast and indifferent universe. Another poem that contains just one of the two constants being examined is entitled Birches. In this poem Frost observes birch trees that have been permanently bent from the weight of winter snow and ice, this observation makes him nostalgic for the days he used to swing from the branches of these trees as a male child. He recalls being playing as carefree boy and the birch trees become a metaphor for his childhood innocence that he longs to have back. Near the end of the poem Frost writes, Its when Im weary of considerations, And life is also much like a pathless wood (44, 45) that he feels the most nostalgic for his carefree childhood.This statement makes the pathless wood a metaphor for the trials of maturity that are like cobwebs and twigs that poke you in the eye in untamed woods (45). He longs to escape the reality of trials and this can be seen in the line stating Id like to get away from earth awhile (48). Alt hough the recurring theme of the being alone in the vast universe does not present itself in this poem, the constant of nature as a metaphor can be found again in this piece.The final poem that this paper will examine Frosts use of nature as a metaphor and the recurring theme of the human condition is entitled Out Out. In this poem Frost takes the reader to a logging community where the days work is coming to end. In this setting, nature is a metaphor for both the aliment and mortality of a young man/older boy working with a chainsaw at a logging camp to make firewood. Frost paints the picture of beautiful landscape off of which the subject is making a living, but when he is distracted from his work he accidentally cuts hand more or less clean off.Even with the doctors best effort to try to save the boys life, the boy passes away during the operation. It is here that the recurring theme reveals itself when Frost writes, No more to build on there. And they, since they Were not the one dead turned to their affairs (33, 34). In this poem the bystanders represent the indifferent universe, they continue on with their lives, as the boy dies alone. In conclusion, the influence of the New England landscape has clearly played a huge role in Robert Frosts lifes work as a poet.One is hard pressed to find a poem of his that does not contain some kind of metaphor inspired by the natural world surrounding him. Although the great poet does explore the recurring theme of the human condition where man is alone in the vast and indifferent universe, this theme is not nearly as constant as his metaphoric use of natural world. Frost was able to make a name for himself through this poetic hyphen and will remain as one of the greatest American poets there ever was and will be. References Robert Frost. The Poetry Foundation. The Poetry Foundation, n. d. Web. 14 Apr. 2013.

Life After High School Essay

Life after high up school is different than the life in high school because it is dismissal to be a lot of responsibilities people collect to take c are of and it is the biggest part of life to decide what to do in a future. So juniors and seniors should think what they are going to do after graduate from high school and needs to drive a plan for their future. Juniors and seniors should spang junior and seniors stratums are very important year.They check a lot of decisions to educate and not much time to make them if they didnt make in time. Their decisions go away either make or break their life, and they have to make sure that they make to the best of their ability because there is no bit back. They need to make sure they definitely require to image college or a year off. They have to make sure that if they are going to attend college they have to have something in mind that they will want to do, to succeed in.Choosing a major can be a very stressful property so why no t sit down and take some time to do it? So they have to be creative, they dont have to rush, give plenty of time and have to really think what interests them in life. Their major should be somethings they will want to enjoy somethings that they will be doing for their rest of their life. So juniors and seniors have to think and make plans what they are going to do after graduate from high school.After graduate from high school some students can follow different path. Some peoples plans to attend college and some peoples want to take a year off. concord to the Anita Gurian (2001) from New York Times states that peoples who are not sure why theyre going to college or what they will do when they get there, taking a year off between high school and college can provide a rich growth experience for the peoples.If people are planning to go to college they have to know what they want to be and how they plan to get there. They need to know which schools appeals to them and how they are goin g to pay for their education. According to the Darcy Lyness (2008) before selecting the school they have to diverge asking question themselves about their preference like what are their strength, which learning environment is best for them etc. Once they have narrowed down their choices they have to make arrangements to visit.According to the Ralph Keyes (2009) students should visit when school is in session so they can get a good idea of what life is really like on campus. Students have to apply on more than one college if they want to go to college because schools are picking from large pool of applicants. They wants to know how well students are and what makes them home out from everyone else. So they will look at grade point average, SAT scores, class ranks and extracurricular activities.So it is important for students to dedicate time and case to all these things and they have to choose a career they are interested to do in their future because according to the Anita Gurian (2001) 75% of students change their majors in the middle or after one year. At last many peoples wants to be a successful. They dont want to struggle in life having to worry about the job so peoples decide to go to college to get a better education and find a career job they are interested.Before seniors year ends students needs to make sure what they want to do in the college so they can be center on that one thing and they should know which college is best for them to get their education for their career job. So before graduate from high school juniors and seniors should know what they are going to do after high schools and need to make plan for their future like going to college or year off and if they are going to college how they are going to pay for their college and choosing the career that interest them.

VoIP at Butler University

butler University identified weaknesses in the existing campus communication governances. Chief Information Office (CIO) Scott Kincaids identified the need to upgrade or replace the Centrex scheme as pantryman student enrollment and administrative data communication needs had outgrown its usefulness. Arguments for the Centrex system were that users found the system reliability to be beneficial. Once employees be possessed of a system that meets their current needs, some are reluctant to go embrace the next step to enhancing Job capabilities.The majority of students liked having campus rovided email compensate though 92% had cell phones. Various problems were associated with the existing system but it was not without failure. For no other reason than advances in engineering, the current analog system had become outdated and hard to customize. Moving lines was labor intensive with student and administrative shifts. Changes become labor intensive and difficult to perform because no t barely is the hardware difficult to repair, at a certain point the system will be so antiquated that it wont be compatible with new vender technology upgrades outside of Butler.A large amount of administrative time was spent reconciling the current billing system each month showing that over again unnecessary labor was a hindrance to efficiency. Changes arent without risk and administrative staff viewed merging data and congressman networks was viewed as risky. A major concern was regarding the voice quality of VoIP technology. The IT plane section also knew that network security risks were a concern addressing other data network risk concerns post 9/1 1 . An efficient and flexible integrated emergency notification system was required to remedy this concern.Campus administration also feared virus attacks that commonly affected data networks. merge communications is a term used to describe a system that integrates call and data communication applications that are interactive and collaborative with real- time and transactional capabilities. Butler hired the Dietrich Lockard Group, a telecommunications-consulting firm, to address the primary issues and needs of the university and to recommend a unified communications solution.To pinpoint the real needs of the university, Dietrich formed an advisory multitudeing comprised of dministrative staff from a variety of departments around campus who required a high-level of data usage and accuracy from the system. Those departments were admissions, financial operate, student life, facilities management, the libraries, and department faculty. The advisory group and technical staff were taught about VoIP and steps that can be taken to mitigate its risks.The strategic plan involving integrating these five goals mend student communications, improve handling of callers, leverage new services to assist staff and improve training on these systems, emain competitive with other institutions regarding the level of stude nt services offered, and to propose more immediate access to key Butler personnel. The options presented to Butler were to continue with the existing systems and make no lurchs. Many people find the system reliable.Another solutions would be to continue upgrading the existing system and equipment. Although expensive, IT staff was familiar with the system and, while difficult, upgrades were possible at least in the system and integrate and independent VoIP for a few selected offices. This would llow Butler to make a small-scale technology change without compromising the entire communications network. The last and most expensive option is to put on a new in-house PBX system for unified communications.The concern with this option is if Butler were to invest in a new PBX system would it have a trammel life? With Dietrichs guidance, Butler drafted an RFP and put the project out for bid. Vendor selection would be based on the an analysis of the variables effecting choices, the vendor s ability meet the universitys needs as defined in the RFP, cost, availability of ocal support once the network was installed, and the vendors experience with new VoIP and other enterprise systems.A vendor was selected and a very aggressive instruction execution schedule was initiated. Staff and students found the changeover simple and the pilot program made training fun. The IT department described the changeover as the week from nut house. Phone system registration was labor intensive when each needed to be registered manually. Other problems were malfunctioning equipment, the 2,000 additional phone numbers provided by SBC came up missing nd required a 45-day window to fix the problem and food service and the bookstore didnt have Ethernet wiring.The biggest problem was that department safety affright wiring was not compatible with new VoIP and the old system needed to be recreated to make them work. My concern with the alarm system was based on 1970s technology and should have been updated. I would consider the upgrade to be a wise decision on Butlers choice. Analog systems are antiquated and had they not made the change now, it may have been more costly in the future. Technology ntegration with outside source such as telecommunications companies and software support for financial and accounting systems.Any department that required data sharing and collaboration, mixed media messaging was at an operational risk had the change-over not been implemented. By converging systems for a unified communication solution, Butler had taken the proactive approach. It wasnt without unanticipated costs a new IT staff position was created, and the unforeseen costs to the department alarm system and Ethernet cabling to food services and the bookstore were substantial. What Butler gained was collaborative applications, improved communications and convenience.Having a different call centers around campus, Butler could now examine call records and identify inefficacies at bottom a specific area. The economy of improving these areas will be cost and improved university services. I believe Butler made the correct choice in moving forward with a new system. The only fault I found was in their not revamping the existing alarm system. The problems experienced during the changeover were negligible and solvable without reconstructing the plan. Again, a solid strategic and farsighted plan.

Liberty for the High School Student

Competition is becoming a key part of advanced take aim academics. It seems as if everyday it be puzzles harder to be accepted into the college of your dreams. This is causing high accentuate levels for teenagers. what with worrying about looking good, keeping friends, doing well in take aim, and the growing pressure to send off your life by the time youre 16, its amazing that we all gather innt gone crazy. Due to high stress creatord by homework, and lack of short sleep, high school students should receive lighter loads from schools. The students of today are stressed, non from the fictive bullying or peer pressure, but from homework and tests.Most of the stress is from academics as opposed to the characteristic assumption of bullying or social issues. States an article from Mind Shift. Parents assume that things like that are the cause of the stress, but the real problem is homework. Then there is the case of Nora. A normal high school student, pressured with doing acc urately in school. When she received her grade card and saw that she did not have a perfect 4. 0, she lost it. Her mother found her in tears, and realized that it was time to Logan 2 intervene. Nora had been increasingly irrit fitted and tired, and she in like manner suffered from headaches. She is not the only one.Students everywhere, including myself and friends of mine, are tired, frustrated and sick. While stress can be healthy for our body, as well as much can severely harm us. According to an article on the website WebMd, reviewed by Doctor Joseph Goldberg, oversize amounts of stress cause headaches, higher blood pressure, heart and skin issues and conditions, and depression- the list goes on. These symptoms are not notwithstanding found in adults, they are also found in teenagers. High stress levels early on in life will only lead to physical and mental problems in the future. The mental aver of teenagers justifies that our load is too heavy.It is not an unknown fact tha t students these days do not have a lot of free time. We wake up at six, go to school, spend all day working, have extra curriculars after school, and all in all, most students do not end up reverting home until around seven oclock at night. We are then expected to financial aid with dinner, help clean up dinner, and take care of other chores in the first place we spend two to lead hours working on homework assigned during the day. At this rate, the typical high school student is not acquiring to bed until close to 11 oclock. Thus, forcing them to cope with six hours of sleep per night utmost from what is needed.Sleep is extremely important for teenagers. It affects our growth, our mental health, and our safety behind the wheel- it is food for our brain. The National Sleep Foundation suggests that teenagers sleep for about 9 ? hours per night saying that 8 ? works for some. But in all reality, this is far from the amount of sleep teenagers are actually getting. The NSF found Loga n 3 that only %15 of teenagers are getting that 8 ? hours. So, how does this lack of sleep affect our behavior, and success in school? It is shown that lack of sleep causes self-assertive behaviors and a reduced immune system.Therefore, we are sick to a greater extent often causing us to sink school. It is also shown that it becomes harder to focus, and mind. therefore, we do not learn. How do teachers expect us to complete tasking assignments if we are unable to focus, learn, and listen? Our lack of sleep, and increasingly reduced amounts of free time indicates the need for less time-consuming work. Parents and teachers, somehow, have come to believe that all of this is shaping us for the real world. Please explain to me how raising our stress levels and, ultimately, harming our physical and mental health is helping us?Today, we are expected to be able to misrepresent an almost adult life by the time we are sixteen, but we need to spend more time learning and exploring all of o ur options. If it has become the norm to change majors three time before you graduate college, then something is severely wrong with current society. Teenagers who are over loaded with after school work are becoming less and less mentally and physically stable. High schools can coming a impudent style of teaching, and issue curriculums that include less after school work. Issuing new types of curriculums including less after school work would most effectively help resolve the problems.I highly interrogation that the cost of this solution would be very high at all. I believe that states could afford this. The widely distributed public will find the solution acceptable. When parents and teachers see how bad the situation is becoming, they will be able to convince policy makers to initiate Logan 4 the change. The parents of the students are the ones who really need to change. They are responsible for realizing the inclemency of the situation. As the writer of this piece I hope to show the public that times are changing and not necessarily for the better. It is my responsibility to show this.

Project Scope Management Essay

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS1. What is involved in picture cooking stove guidance, and why is unassailable aim scene management so important on education technology run intos? area refers to all the bring involved in creating the products of the purpose and the serviceed enjoymentd to throw them. Project area management includes scope planning, scope definition, WBS creation, scope verification, and scope reign over. It important to Information Technology because it is unattackable for preventing scope-related problems on nurture technology projects.2.What is involved in collecting requirements for a project? Why is it a lot much(prenominal) a difficult thing to do? There are many ways to collect necessities for a project, such as interviewing stakeholders, holding focus groups, apply questionnaires and surveys, observation, and prototyping. It can be difficult to collect requirements because of different stakeholders a great deal have different needs, they can change q uickly, and many are difficult to implement with the present systems.3.Discuss the process of defining project scope in more detail as a project progresses, leaving from information in a project charter to a project scope statement, WBS, and WBS dictionary. The project charter is the document that officially authorizes a project. The project charter provides the project manager with the authority to exercise organizational resources to project activities. A project manager is identified and assigned as early in the project as is achievable. The project manager should be assigned prior to the start of planning offshoot while the project charter is being developed. Projects are usually chartered and authorized external to the project organization. The project scope statement is the formal definition of the project and what needs to be accomplished.This process addresses and documents the characteristics and boundaries of the project and its associated products and services, as well as the methods of acceptance and scope control. The project scope statement is developed from informationprovided by the initiator or sponsor. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) organizes and defines the total scope of the project. It is a deliverable-oriented reason breakdown of the mould to be executed by the project team to accomplish the project objectives and create the deliverables. The WBS subdivides the project work into smaller, more controllable pieces. The work contained in the lowest-level WBS components which are called work packages, can be scheduled, cost estimated, monitored, and controlled.4.Describe different ways to develop a WBS and why it is often so difficult to do. You can develop a WBS by using guidelines, the analogy approach, the top-down approach, the bottom-up approach, and the mind-mapping approach. It is difficult to create a level-headed WBS because each WBS is unique found on the project and the team. 1. Types of WBS Construct a WBS base on the f ollowing labour list from MS Project.Another type of WBS5.What is the main technique used for validating scope? Give an example of scope validation on a project.6.Using examples in this book or online, unwrap a project that suffered from scope creep. Could it have been avoided? How? Can scope creep be a good thing? When? What can organizations do to successfully manage inevitable changes in scope that are good for business? IT projects within the UK health care industry suffer the most from Scope Creep which they rarely meet the needs of users and stakeholders. This is why they are almost always significantly over bud come out in a project. It could be avoided by never forget what your project scope is. Everyone will try to get you to make seemingly small scope changes which you should not do and get a Project Scope Statement that is approved by all Project Stakeholders during the project initiation.It can be a good thing, if you realize a let on way toscope the project or make a better product than your competitor and the guest finds out that the company has capabilities which the client was not initially aware of and the client learns new details about a competing product. With this knowledge, the client presses for changes to the project, often at little or no additional cost. The project manager effectively manages change by maintaining the appropriate balance between control and discipline to manage to the baseline plan, and flexibility to adapt the plans to meet customer expectations. In addition to, using project metrics to monitor and identify creep.7.Why do you need a good WBS to use project management software?WBS helps to more accurately and precisely define and organize the scope of the total project. What other types of software can you use to assist in project scope management? Microsoft Project is a large, powerful, and widely used package that offers a ton of planning functionality. Omni Plan is a similar to Microsoft Project, but smaller project-planning package for Macs. Dream Team offers project-planning tools combined with more collaborative task- and document-management functionalities. Gantt map a type of bar chart that illustrates a project schedule. Gantt charts illustrate the start and finish dates of the celestial pole elements and summary elements of a project. Terminal elements and summary elements comprise the work breakdown structure of the project.

Groupthink and Risky Shift Phenomenon Essay

Groupthink phenomenon continues to exist and influence in a assembly decision devising. This is especially happen when convocation cohesiveness is high and there is an absence of open parley. However, understanding the theory would enable us to severalise the factors that may affect the quality of decisions we do in the root. Risky-shift on the other knock everyplace, exists as a variance of motivation with a scene of a ploughsh bed responsibility of taking the furious decision.It is generally current that this risky-shift influence by cultural value in which respective(prenominal) is motivated to withdraw the riskier ersatz to gain convention or society status. Understanding risky-shift enables us to reduce the magnitude of hale of which the risk has to lead as imbedded in every decision make during uncertainties. In entree, free radical inter fulfill is very great in the exhibit of decision-making whereby unmarried thinking and ideas is valued.It is overl y in this way that individual depart mold to stand his rig in certain decision-making procedure. It maybe be difficult and challenging since individual allow share different ideas and inputs, exchange opinions and contrary views, yet in the summons develop substitute(a)s to the solution in line solving which reflects a good root decision-making. Overall, these sociological phenomenon and perspective allow us to lay attributes that may control and limit the development of best alternative in solving problem and issues.Finally, a clear understanding of the elements of these theories will enable members to recognised symptoms within a faulty collection decision-making and lure the best alternative course of follow up from the radical. This paper is going to provide insights on the aspect of icteric railway car Company in term of the critical decision in the sociological perspective theatre of operations such as the Groupthink and Risky-shift phenomenon. Introduction Grou p decision-making sometimes falls into the typical group norm which oftentimes leads to failure.This happens usually because of the idea of group cohesion and valuing the need for belongingness in the group. Janis (1972) defines it as a deliberate action of an individual group member to conform to the decision of the group to keep the harmony. The reason behind is to cancel clashes and come up with a solution without cosmos critical during a group decision-making process. In addition to the need of individual for belonging, group playency to transfer the risk to group members allow the group to choose the riskier alternative.It usually, emerges from a faulty organizational structure and communication perspective which oftentimes departs a high prospect of failure. The Yellow Auto Company was a well-known global car caller-up in India. The company is own and manage by the family where the structure is hierarchical in which line managers and employee has no autonomy in terms of decision making. There is an obvious high cohesion within the members of the decision making form and this is set forth as unwritten rules of the company which is mostly in the minds of the family members.When the moderate managers of the Yellow Auto Company, denounce the decreasing speculate satisfaction and commitment of their employees, they decided to invest on their development. Even though, there was an breathing economical crisis in the country, the group decided quest with their plans in investing in benignant alternative with the assistance of external consultant. This report will utilize the sociological perspective to critically analyse these momentous issue and the make recommendation to an legal group decision-making. The Groupthink phenomenonThe most critical decision that the Yellow Auto Company have done was the decision of hiring and working with external consultant. Since the company was owned and manage by the family, its group structure is assumed to have high group cohesiveness and miss of critical password procedures. Janis (1972) exerts that group with high cohesiveness encourages conformity to its norms and without adequate decision procedures which is a condition of groupthink will tend to result to a poor decision (Callaway & Esser, 1984).In this quality the family who runs the company shares common purposes and interests, that gives them a sniff out of security resulting to a shared illusion of invulnerability (Teale, Dispenza, Flynn, & Currie, 2003a). This is yet describe in the case where most of the rules are unwritten and in the minds of the family members which is a characteristic of group conformity (Teale, et al. , 2003a) and where employees did not have much(prenominal) autonomy in decision making.This conformity of individual to adapt the decision of group members (Gerring, Zimbardo, Campbell, Cumming, & Wilkes, 2012), tends to suppressed individual critical mentation to avoid being ridiculed and being qu estion on their loyalty. The structure of communication process was set forth as hierarchical where agenda can readily be manipulated and directed by pressure of group conformity which reflects self-censorship (Teale, et al. , 2003a).The top managers and owner who make the dominant decision for the organization (Teale, Dispenza, Flynn, & Currie, 2003b) may result to a limited quality of the decision as depict by Simon as bounded moderateness (Tolbert & Hall, 2008). As a result of this limitation the group could only identify and provide little alternative course of action to the problem than in groups where participation is encourage (Carrie, 2010). In addition, the absence of critical thinking in group discussion may devoid individual of their potentials to contribute mportant information necessary of the group (Johnson & Johnson, 2009).In this scenario, the manager may cause other members to follow whatever personal view (Janis, 1972) he may have which is a groupthink perspect ive characterized by a high level of confidence and lack of disagreement from group members(Callaway & Esser, 1984). However, when the top managers realized the need for experts to manage change process in military personnel resource which reflect task-oriented group (Teale, et al. , 2003a) shows a positive group structure which characterised an effective group decision.Inviting after-school(prenominal) expert is a criterion to prevent the groupthink phenomena, allowing independent group to work on the same problem and assess the organizations. When top managers, line managers and employees decided to work and cooperate with external consultant, it bridges the gap and opens the communication between managers and employees. This communication process, allows members of the group to provides unreserved feedbacks to reduce and unveil the hidden and unknown areas as described in Johari Window as information keep to avoid conflict and concealed potential and unacknowledged skills(Teale , et al. 2003a).In addition it allows group members to contribute in the development of high-quality decision which is a characteristic of consensus perspective (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). The occurrence of open communication between managers and employees display an active cooperation of the group, which is a characteristic for an effective writ of execution of a decision(Amason, 1996). This intermediate cohesiveness(Callaway & Esser, 1984) produces high quality decision which builds mutual respect, acceptable culture and shared charge in the achievement of organizational goal.This is a reflection of process-oriented group (Teale, et al. , 2003a) skills where group interaction uses cooperative earshot and other social skills to produce a common understanding and getting the job done. Overall, this changes and action of top managers towards their employee builds a mutual commitment for a successful implementation of the decision as described by Guth and Macmillan (Amason, 1996). Th e Risky-shift phenomenon Most often the group will chose a riskier alternative than decision made by individual (Burnstein, 1969 Stoner, 1968), whereby members of the groups ends to decide differently about perceived risk when they are alone. Some of the many reasons why it cogency happen include diffusion of responsibility where emotion bonds exist. In this case, the relationship of the family who runs the company, may have the proclivity to reduce apprehension and perceived the risk as shared (Wallach, Kogan, & Bem, 1964). Group members would take a risky alternative with the feeling of less personal responsibility for the negative consequences of such a decision(Forsyth, 1990) and less likeliness of being blamed.It is similarly a way for individual to easily hide within the group when making contributions to a group discussion and speak only when expected that the group would agree as described by a spiral-of-silence logic (Packer, 2009) whereby individuality is restricted by other peoples opinion. In addition, the top managers and owner of the company cooperation with the external consultant allows the sharing of responsibility to members of the risk which minimizes blaming in case of failure of decision(Clark, 1971).As a result, the decision will most likely be riskier, as they share the risk and relatively make individual felt risk less. Another probability for the risky-shift to exist is the lead influence(Clark, 1971) over the group. High risk-taker will persuade others to take greater risks(Collins & Guetzkow, 1964) because of their aggressiveness and commitment in the pursuit of their objective which in this case the top manager and owner. The top managers and owner personal and direct elaboration in the company and in the discussion (Forsyth, 1990) will have the tendency to influence the group members.This is further supported by Brown (1965) who asserts that status in the group is often connected with risk-taking, which oftentimes made the gr oup chose the riskier alternative. In this case scenario, the decision of investing in human resource despite the prevailing financial economic crisis is a perceived risk yet the group chose to proceed with the plan mayhap because of the influence that the owner have over the group. This is further explored by Bateson (1966) who asserts that as individual become well-known(prenominal) with the problem will tend to advocate more risky alternative.A group interaction will significantly contributes in the amiliarization perspective(Kogan & Wallach, 1967) which allow members of the group to known and be comfortable with risk at hand (Clark, 1971). This group interaction opens the discussion and information exchange towards possible alternative during a risky decision-making. by chance the most widely recognized reason of a risky-shift is the cultural value in itself. In the group or in the society situation most individuals choose a riskier decision in put up to increase their statu s in the group. Clark (1971) exerts that diffusion-of-responsibility, leadership influence and familiarization, is dependent upon the relevant content of the risk.In the case of Yellow Auto Company which the structure management is hierarchical, the top manager and owner have wider range of mountains of activities and concern of the companys status. Given the current situation of the company in which employee become less committed and unsatisfied in their job, decided to mitigate the issue through investing in human resource development and seek assistance from external consultant. This is probably to ensure that they are relatively pure in the event of company failure and protect their status as well-know global car company.The economic crisis will not only entails the company or family societal status but will also cost them particularly on monetary budget allocation and the length of time to implement and prise the result and progress as the external consultant do their job. P erhaps the most common action plan during this time of economic crisis is cost cutting or reduction of employee. Another probability would be that the company will try to maximize their internal workforce or perhaps freeze job hiring rather than spending too much on outsourced hiring.However the group has made this risky-shift as a display of good decision making by their unwavering determination to reach its main signal of customer satisfaction and to achieve its goal to increase share in the market. The attitude of the top managers of being less cautious or less conservative in its orientation towards decision making (Hong, 1978) made it possible for them to reach their the goal. Their participation and cooperation with external consultant is a manifestation of an effective group decision.This group interaction opens an avenue for change process and ultimately results to the attainment of the desired goal. The acceptance of top managers on working with external consultants reflec ts criteria of compromise decision making, whereby allowing members of the group to freely discuss and present individual and corporal ideas and opinion for the common good of the company. This action creates a positive motivation towards job satisfaction of employee (Nemioff & King, 1975) which is described in the case in the later part where employee shows job satisfaction and organizational commitment.This is an indication of an effective group decision making whereby members of the group participate in the implementation of the decision (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Conclusion These are only few of the many sociological phenomenons that influence a group decision making, especially when group cohesiveness is high and there is an absence of open communication. Groupthinks reduce individuality in a group discussion while risky-shift enable individual to conform with the group in order to increase group status.Understanding these theories would enable the group to recognize the facto rs that may affect the quality of decisions we made in the group. It also reduces the magnitude of pressure in which the risk has to bring in every decision made during uncertainties. In addition, group communication is very important in the process of decision-making whereby individual is able to express their opinion and ideas. It is also in this way that individual contribution is valued and will learn to stand his position in certain decision-making procedure.It may be difficult and challenging because of individual different views but the process will develop alternatives in problem solving which reflects a good group decision-making. Overall, understanding these sociological phenomenon and perspective allow us to identify attributes that may control and limit the development of best alternative in solving problem and issues. Recommendation To avoid the pitfall of groupthink and risky-shift sociological perspective it is recommended that 1. Each members of the group that is to include the leader or manager should value the presence and idea of each members of the group 2. leading and managers should be sensitive enough to avoid the effects of groupthink by refraining from using their power and influence over the group. 3. Leaders and managers should refrain from persuading members of the group in their own idea. 4. Group members should in times take the purpose of a critical evaluator and this should be allowed by the group to speak his doubts on the decision. 5. A break dance group should be created to work with the same problem. 6. Finally, a good communication between group members have with a deeper understanding would bring success and less probability of failure in the decision.

Consumer Behaviour Essay

Executive SummaryIn this consumer style assignment, I used report formal. in any case that, the product that has given me the high gearschoolest satisfaction when I purchased is Sony Xperia S, and I had to define and choose Sony Xperia S this product for my consumer look assignment. In this consumer behavior assignment, I have introduced the product history, product background, criterias or features of product and the consumer behavior theory that relevant to my purchasing. Meanwhile, I have provided some look-a precedentised of Sony Xperia S to make my explanation to a greater point than distinct.Introduction of Sony Xperia S and consumer behavior theory related with Sony Xperia S and me.1.0 Sony Ericssons HistorySony Ericsson was established by deuce companies, which ar Sony can and Ericsson, founded in 2001 (Telford, 2008). Lars Magnus Ericsson is the creator and the director of the Ericsson Company, and he is the branch person who m stop overed telegraph equipment and opens telegraph repair growshop in Sweden, founded in 1876. After two year, he started worked with his employee to design and manufactured out the first telegraph c every last(predicate)ed electrical speech machine in Ericsson Company (Nilsson, 2001). pursuit physical body 1.1 shows the electrical speech machine. put d birth 1.1Japan country is the first created Sony product. Formerly, all Sony products are under by Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Company. In 1958, the name of company was officially changed to Sony Corporation and established in Nihonbashi. In 1968, Sony product was a famous technology product in spheric technology market. Meanwhile, Sony Corporation succeeded as one of the best consumer electronic brands in the world. In 2001 October, Sony Corporation and Ericsson hold to cooperate and create a Sony Ericsson brand environ, meanwhile Sony Ericsson bustling Communications AB was established from 2001 until present. Sony Ericsson C1002S is the first peal released from Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB. Following figure 1.2 shows the Sony Ericsson C1002S. record 1.2Beside that, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB mass statement is to become the communication entertainment brand and mission statement is to provide quality end to end communication services to small and medium sized corporate business (coolpatil, 2010). 2.0 Sony Xperia S desktopIn this era, smartphone is a very popular electronic phone for all people, such as Iphone, Sony Xperia, Samsung galaxy, HTC and so on. in addition that, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB was released and created many different model, different design, and different specifications of phone. For example, the first propagation Sony Ericsson mobile phone was keypad phone. Next, in second generation, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB used Walkman and Cybershot tv tv camera combine it together with Sony Ericsson phone and released to consumers. The second generation mobile p hone is to attract consumers, who wish wells to effect impression and likes listen music or song. Furthermore, in leash generation, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB released and manufactured smartphone to consumer like Sony Xperia S. As a result, we can tick off Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB was created every new phone depend on prox generation.3.0 Nature of Sony Xperia SThe product I choose for this assignment is Sony Xperia S. In 5 March 2012, Sony Xperia S was emerging to all country (McCann, 2012). Sony Xperia S is an Android Gingerbread device, which is upgradable to Android ICS. Sony Xperia S just one simple squares, curves, and vogue look external design. Meanwhile, Sony Xperia S possesses the transparent strip downstairs the display and display screen of the phone is 4.3-inch with Sonys Bravia HD technology wide and it has a resolution of 720 x 1280 pixels and measurement was 128 x 64 x 10.6mm. The weight of Sony Xperia S is 144grams and it is only 10.6 mm thickness. Furthermore, Sony Xperia S just easy two colours, that is black and white (Diangson, 2012 ). Following figure 3.1 shows the introduction of Sony Xperia S. pattern 3.1After that, figure 3.2 shows Sony Xperia S having a 3.5mm headphone jack and unlock buttons or power on the top. Besides that, figure 3.3 shows on the right side having a volume buttons, a dedicated camera button, a HDMI out socket (the blood line came in our box) and figure 3.4 shows flap-covered Micro USB on the left side (Savov, 2012). In figure 3.5 shows the front of the phone possesses the front facing 1.3megapixel camera. Moreover, figure 3.6 shows the rear cover possess camera 12-megapixel lens, LED flash light, standby mic, loudspeaker and at the bottom of the phone are present Sony Ericsson logo (Lavelle, 2012). epithet 3.2 move into 3.3Figure 3.4 Figure 3.5Figure 3.64.0 The criterias or features of Sony Xperia SThe criteria or features of Sony Xperia S that I felt most acceptable are Sony Xp eria Ss specification because there are many different personas of specification in stock(predicate) and inside Sony Xperia S. Which are, PlayStation Certified, high- commentary display, HD Video playback, great camera vex, and android application system (Warman, 2012). In this era, I turn over most teenage (especially male), prefer to play painting game with their computer, phone and game consoles. Besides that, Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB used and applies PlayStation Certified and install into Sony Xperia S (Bell, 2012).The role of PlayStation Certified inside the Sony Xperia S is showing out the fantastic HD game display and able to connect to television and enjoy a wide range of games on the big screen. Meanwhile, PlayStation certified also able to receive 3D games and high graphic game like Need for Speed Shift by EA (Bell, 2012). Moreover, PlayStation Certified inside the Sony Xperia S are being a lot of convenient to me, because I can save more bills to buy P lay Station 2 or Play Station 3 and CD game. Besides that, I can free download some of game via internet. Following figure 4.1 shows the Sony Xperia S possesses PlayStation Certified.Figure 4.1Besides that, I believe many of consumers very(prenominal) as me prefer high-definition display on their own mobile phone. Meanwhile, Sony Xperia S possesses 342 pixels per inch and 4.3 screen with Mobile BRAVIA Engine to present out the performance of highly sharp images and HD screen (Savov, 2012). Mobile BRAVIA Engine also able to present out more than 16 million colors, in order to the video games, picture or images and video display present more clearly with high performance detail. This Mobile BRAVIA Engine is to fulfill consumers, who like to seek for ultimate optical crispness (Savov, 2012). Meanwhile, I feel that, Sony Xperia Ss screen is clearly than Iphone and Samsung galaxys screen. Following figure 4.2 shows the screen performance of Mobile BRAVIA Engine. Figure 4.2Furthermore, I am most satisfying in Sony Xperia S HD Video playback, because I like recording video with clear graphics in the jubilance of birthday with friends and family or other interesting of event (Lavelle, 2012). When I playback any of the video, it is able to play in HD videos and streaming, because Sony Xperia S possesses HD video recording and can be done at 1080p and 30 fps. Besides that, Sony Xperia S having a great HD Video playback means having a great deep impression for me (Lavelle, 2012). Following figure 4.3 shows the performance of HD Video playback.Figure 4.3Besides that, I also prefer to use Sony Xperia S to capture any picture and scenery, because Sony Xperia S camera features an impressive 12 MP camera that can take pictures with HD clarity (Lavelle, 2012). After pictures is taken, Sony Xperia S able to improve the image quality. Sony Xperia S also possesses ready to pall in short order, it mean that, Sony Xperia S able to take 2 or 3 picture in one second (Warman, 2012) . Furthermore, I were pleasantly surprised during under bright conditions, Sony Xperia Ss Exmor R sensor will automatically focus in bright conditions to capture out a picture still in great clarity (Diangson, 2012 ).Refer to figure 4.4 Sony Xperia Ss camera also possesses special features like a self timer, autofocus, scene recognition and 3D sweep look to view picture on the multi-angle 3D display (Savov, 2012). Following figure 4.5shows the performance of capture image. When I compare Sony Xperia S and Iphone, I feel that Iphone are possess seldom features. For example, Iphone not provide landscape mode, night scene mode, and beach or snow mode.Figure 4.4Figure 4.5Lastly, I also like android application system in Sony Xperia S, because its convenient to me download any apps like games, entertainment, news, music, media and video via android. Besides that, most apps are free download like angry bird, temple run and portray something. Moreover, all the android apps are easy to d ownload, high speed, convenient and download according to your tastes (Diangson, 2012 ). Furthermore, it helps me done the work early, save time, and many of apps to fulfill me. Following figure 4.6 shows the Sony Xperia S using android application system.Figure 4.65.0 Consumer behavior theory that relevant to my purchasingThe first theory was influence me with Sony Xperia S is opinion leadership. The definition of opinion leadership is a one person influence and persuades the buying behavior of others. After that, I felt the celebrities or spokespeople influence and persuade me to purchasing Sony Xperia S is Daniel Craig, who is the character of James cleave in 007 movie and Skyfall movie. Opinion leadership theory that linked to me is high esteem by those that accept Daniel Craig opinions. eminent esteem will give me a boost of strong confidence, because Daniel Craig in character of James Bond is a strong man and smart. Daniel Craig is a main Sonys consumer innovator. Following figure 5.1 shows the Daniel Craig represent Sony smartphone.Figure 5.1The second theory I was learn is culture theory. Learning theory is a model of psychological science that explains human learning about purchase product or service, gain wisdom and experience for future use. I felt my mind just only focus on Sony Xperia S, because I believe everybody same as me know Sony products is reliable and famous brand in globals electronic product. The learning theory that linked to me is knowledge. Knowledge will improve my wisdom. Besides that, that, more Sonys product advancement, more knowledge and experience I received. Following figure 5.2 shows the famous brand name Sony.Figure 5.2The third theory was involving Sony Xperia S and me is perception. The definition of perception is the process of acquiring, selecting, interpreting and organizing sensory information. I felt all Sony products like Sony Xperia S was attracted me to purchase, when I watched Sony Xperia S advertisement. Perc eption theory that linked to me is sensation. A good Sony Xperia S advertisement, influence me to buy and try Sony Xperia S. Furthermore, information inputs also involve in my sensation. For example, sess, run intoing and touch. When I sight on Sony Xperia S advertisement and I felt that, Sony Xperia S is a new product. Moreover, when I hear introduction of Sony Xperia S and I felt that, Sony Xperia S is a good specification smartphone. Lastly, when I go to Sony shop and I try to touch Sony Xperia S and I felt that, Sony Xperia S is a high quality smartphone. Following figure 5.3 shows Sony Xperia Ss advertisement poster.Figure 5.3The fourth theory was involving Sony Xperia S and me is personality. Personality is a set of internal traits and distinct behavioral tendencies that result in consistent patterns of behavior in certain situation. I felt my personality is just only like Sony product, because Im also a Sonys fans. Personality theory that linked to me is self-concept. Self concept give me a boost of decision making, because I will follow my personality to make a decision. For example, I see most of my friend like to use Iphone, but I want to different with them, so I decide to choose Sony Xperia S. Besides that, I like android application system more than apple store application system. Following figure 5.4 shows android application system available in Sony Xperia S.Figure 5.4The last theory was involving Sony Xperia S and me is reference group. The definition of reference group is individual identifies with the group to the extent that he takes on many of the values, attitudes or behaviors of the group members. Reference group theory that linked to me is families and friends. Families are a one group influences me to choose Sony Xperia S, because my father and mother also like to use Sonys product. For example, my mother always buys Sonys music speaker and my father like to use Sonys laptop. Besides that, friends also influence me, because most of my friends like to purchase Sony walkman, Sony camera, and Sony laptop. When having this reference group, I prefer to follow brands that my families and friends choose. evidenceIn conclusion, Sony Xperia S is a great smartphone for us, because Sony Xperia S provides a lot of convenience to us. For example, improve our standard of living, save time, and solve a lot of problem. Besides that, several different type of consumer behavior theory related Sony Xperia S and me. Each type of consumer behavior theory will explain and describe the definition. Meanwhile, consumer behavior is related with our human life, and humans perception. Moreover, different people have a different type of personal behavior.